In some countries, police need a reason, such as suspicion of a crime or security risk. This facilitates police identification of fugitives. In some cases a person may be detained until identity is proven. There may be a penalty for not carrying a card or similar official identification such as a passport. Possession of a card may only become compulsory at a certain age. The term "compulsory" may have different meanings and implications in different countries. One noticeable exception is Hong Kong (a common law jurisdiction) (reason see below). Privacy International said that "virtually no common law country has a card". In some countries alternative proof of identity, such as a driving licence is acceptable. In these countries, the card must be shown on demand by authorised personnel under specified circumstances. Further information: National identity cards in the European Economic Area Countries with compulsory identity cards Īccording to a 1996 publication by Privacy International, around 100 countries had enacted laws making identity cards compulsory.
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